不论在日常英语沟通中,还是书面表达中,使用主动语态有时并不能更好的传达我们的想法,因此有时就需要用被动语态,在高考中也是广泛运用,因此艺考生们需要重点关注。那么,被动语态是什么呢?
武汉艺考文化培训机构英语老师解答:被动语态是一种动词形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。构成形式是:be+及物动词的过去分词,其中be根据不同的时态进行变化,过去分词部分保持不变。
● 基本用法
1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁,或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。如:
The cup is broken. 杯子破了。
Letters are collected at seven every morning. 信件每天早晨七点收取。
2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:
The desk was made by Master Zhang. 这张课桌是张师傅做的。
The money was taken away by his girlfriend. 钱是被他女朋友拿走的。
3. 在上下文中,为了使句子间连接紧密时。如:
I have a new motorbike. It was given to me as a birthday present by my father. 我有辆新摩托车。它是父亲送给我作为生日礼物的。
● 主动语态变被动语态
1. 基本方法
将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词),将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语):
He stole our money.→Our money was stolen by him.
【注】(1)若不强调动词执行者,被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略:
The house was built in 1978. 这座房子是1978年建的。
(2)在转变语态时,要注意保持两种语态时态的一致性:
The students will study the problem. →The problem will be studied by the students.
A friend of ours is repairing the roof. →The roof is being repaired by a friend of ours.
2. 双宾动词的被动语态
双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词,它们在变为被动语态时,有以下两种情形值得注意:
(1)有些双宾动词(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在变为被动语态时,既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语),也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for,与所搭配的动词有关)。比较:
He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。
→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to her.
He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一快表。
→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.
(2)有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语,而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for):
Father made me a doll. → A doll was made for me.
He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her.
(3)有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语,而将直接宾语用作保留宾语:
She answered me that question. → I was answered that question by her.
3. 含有情态动词的被动形式
若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词,在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词,其结构为“情态动词+be(或be的适当时态形式)+过去分词”:
Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone.
This can’t be done in a short time. 这不是短期内可以完成的。
She may have been sent to work elsewhere. 她可能被派到别处工作去了。
The door must have been locked by my wife. 门一定是我妻子锁的。
The environment should be improved. 环境应当改善。
总体来说,广大武汉艺考生们首先要记住“be+done”的基本形式及其结合时态后的形式,其次注意介词by的用法,较后记住情态动词的被动语态,这样被动语态已经掌握一大半了。武汉艺考生们可以选择合适自己的艺考文化培训机构进行学习,在专业老师的辅导下效果会事半功倍。